Fuel filtration is a critical aspect of maintaining the quality and performance of fuel in storage tanks and dispensers. In this blog post, we will cover the types of filters available, their performance metrics, flow rates and maintenance schedules, and share troubleshooting tips to ensure your fuel system remains in top shape.
Types of Fuel Tank Filters
Fuel filters are essential for removing contaminants from fuel, ensuring clean and efficient operation of machinery and vehicles. There are three primary types of fuel filters: water filters, particle filters, and combination water and particle filters.
- Water filters are specifically designed to remove water from fuel, which is crucial since water can cause microbial growth, corrosion, and freezing issues in cold weather.
- Particle filters target solid particles such as dirt, rust, and other debris, which are critical for preventing wear and damage to engines and fuel systems.
- Combination water and particle filters provide comprehensive protection by removing both water and solid particles from the fuel, ensuring the highest level of fuel purity.
Fuel Filter Performance
The performance of fuel filters is often gauged by their micron rating and efficiency. The micron rating indicates the size of the particles a filter can capture, with a lower micron rating giving finer filtration.
For example, a 10-micron filter can remove particles as small as 10 microns in size. In critical applications, filters with absolute ratings (ensuring 99.95% efficiency) are recommended to provide the highest level of protection.
Using multiple filters with different micron ratings can significantly improve fuel quality. For instance, a primary filter with a higher micron rating can capture larger particles, while a secondary filter with a lower micron rating handles finer contaminants. This layered approach ensures a more thorough filtration process, extending the life of your equipment and reducing maintenance needs.
Fuel Filter Flow Rates
Fuel filters must be compatible with the flow rate of the fuel system. The flow rate, usually measured in litres per minute (lpm), is a crucial factor in ensuring efficient filtration without causing pressure drops or flow restrictions.
Ensuring the filter’s flow rate matches the pump’s capacity is essential for maintaining optimal performance.
When to Change Fuel Filters
Regular maintenance of fuel filters is crucial to avoid downtime and equipment damage.
Scheduled filter changes
As a general rule, it is advisable to replace fuel filters every 12 months. However, the exact timing can vary depending on the fuel quality and usage frequency.
Pre-winter precautions
It is also wise to change water filters before winter to prevent any water in the filter from freezing, which could block fuel flow.
Performance pointers
A noticeable drop in flow rate is another clear sign that the filter may be clogged and need replacing.
Troubleshooting: Common Fuel Filter Issues
Even with proper maintenance, fuel filters can encounter various problems. Here, we outline common issues, their causes, and solutions to keep your fuel system running smoothly.
Clogged Fuel Filter
Symptoms
- Reduced engine performance or power.
- Difficulty starting the engine.
- Frequent stalling or sputtering.
- Decreased fuel efficiency.
Possible Causes
- Dirt, rust, and debris can enter the fuel tank and accumulate in the filter.
- Bacteria and fungi can grow in fuel, particularly diesel, creating a sludge that clogs the filter.
- Over time, fuel can degrade and form sediments that clog the filter.
Prevention & Cure
- Check and replace fuel filters regularly according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
- Use a fuel polishing system to clean the fuel and remove contaminants.
- For diesel, add biocides to the fuel to prevent microbial growth.
- Periodically clean the fuel storage tank to remove sediments and prevent them from entering the filter.
Water in the Fuel Filter
Symptoms
- Engine misfires or runs roughly.
- Difficulty starting the engine.
- Corrosion in fuel system components.
- Presence of water in the filter housing or bowl.
Possible Causes
- Water can condense inside the tank due to temperature changes, especially in humid environments.
- A damaged or improperly sealed tank can allow water ingress.
- Some poorer-quality fuel supplies may contain higher levels of water.
Prevention & Cure
- Use a water-separating fuel filter to remove water from the fuel.
- Regularly drain the water from the bottom of the fuel tank and filter.
- Inspect the tank and its seals for leaks and repair any issues promptly.
- Use fuel additives that can help disperse water and prevent it from accumulating in the fuel.
Reduced Fuel Flow
Symptoms
- Equipment runs unevenly, stalls or makes unusual noises.
- Power and performance are decreased.
- Intermittent fuel supply issues.
Possible Causes
- The filter may be partially clogged with dirt or microbial sludge.
- The filter may not be appropriate for the specific fuel or application.
- A low fuel level can cause air to enter the system, reducing fuel flow.
Prevention & Cure
- Replace the filter with the correct type and size for your specific fuel and application.
- Perform regular maintenance checks to ensure the filter is clean and functioning properly.
- Keep fuel levels adequately high to prevent air from entering the system.
Fuel Leaks Around the Filter
Symptoms
- Visible fuel leakage around the filter area.
- A strong smell of fuel.
- Engine performance issues.
- Low fuel pressure.
Possible Causes
- The filter may not be installed correctly, leading to leaks.
- The gasket or O-ring may be damaged or improperly seated.
- The filter housing may be cracked or damaged.
Prevention & Cure
- Ensure the filter is installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Check and replace any damaged or worn gaskets or O-rings.
- Inspect the filter housing for damage and repair or replace it if necessary.
Filter Collapse
Symptoms
- Visible deformation or collapse of the filter element.
- Reduced fuel flow or complete blockage.
Possible Causes
- Operating at pressures higher than the filter’s capacity.
- Using filters not rated for the system pressure.
- Physical damage to the filter element or housing.
Prevention & Cure
- Choose filters made from materials designed to handle the operating pressures of your system.
- Ensure that pressure regulators are functioning correctly and set to the appropriate pressure.
- Conduct regular system checks to prevent pressure buildup and maintain optimal operating conditions.
By understanding the different types of fuel filters, monitoring their performance, maintaining appropriate flow rates and knowing when and how to replace them, you can ensure your fuel system operates smoothly and efficiently. Regular checks and proactive maintenance will save you time, reduce costs and prevent unexpected downtimes.
Tanks-UK supplies a wide range of fuel filters for fuel storage tanks and fuel dispensing stations. If you can’t find what you’re looking for on our website, call us on 01953 665940 or email info@tanks-uk.com for prompt, professional and friendly assistance.